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+import {inspect} from 'node:util';
+
+import {colors} from '#cli';
+import {oneOf} from '#validators';
+import {TupleMap} from '#wiki-data';
+
+import {
+  empty,
+  filterProperties,
+  openAggregate,
+  decorateErrorWithIndex,
+} from '#sugar';
+
+// Composes multiple compositional "steps" and a "base" to form a property
+// descriptor out of modular building blocks. This is an extension to the
+// more general-purpose CacheableObject property descriptor syntax, and
+// aims to make modular data processing - which lends to declarativity -
+// much easier, without fundamentally altering much of the typical syntax
+// or terminology, nor building on it to an excessive degree.
+//
+// Think of a composition as being a chain of steps which lead into a final
+// base property, which is usually responsible for returning the value that
+// will actually get exposed when the property being described is accessed.
+//
+// == The compositional base: ==
+//
+// The final item in a compositional list is its base, and it identifies
+// the essential qualities of the property descriptor. The compositional
+// steps preceding it may exit early, in which case the expose function
+// defined on the base won't be called; or they will provide dependencies
+// that the base may use to compute the final value that gets exposed for
+// this property.
+//
+// The base indicates the capabilities of the composition as a whole.
+// It should be {expose: true}, since that's the only area that preceding
+// compositional steps (currently) can actually influence. If it's also
+// {update: true}, then the composition as a whole accepts an update value
+// just like normal update-flag property descriptors - meaning it can be
+// set with `thing.someProperty = value` and that value will be paseed
+// into each (implementing) step's transform() function, as well as the
+// base. Bases usually aren't {compose: true}, but can be - check out the
+// section on "nesting compositions" for details about that.
+//
+// Every composition always has exactly one compositional base, and it's
+// always the last item in the composition list. All items preceding it
+// are compositional steps, described below.
+//
+// == Compositional steps: ==
+//
+// Compositional steps are, in essence, typical property descriptors with
+// the extra flag {compose: true}. They operate on existing dependencies,
+// and are typically dynamically constructed by "utility" functions (but
+// can also be manually declared within the step list of a composition).
+// Compositional steps serve two purposes:
+//
+//  1. exit early, if some condition is matched, returning and exposing
+//     some value directly from that step instead of continuing further
+//     down the step list;
+//
+//  2. and/or provide new, dynamically created "private" dependencies which
+//     can be accessed by further steps down the list, or at the base at
+//     the bottom, modularly supplying information that will contribute to
+//     the final value exposed for this property.
+//
+// Usually it's just one of those two, but it's fine for a step to perform
+// both jobs if the situation benefits.
+//
+// Compositional steps are the real "modular" or "compositional" part of
+// this data processing style - they're designed to be combined together
+// in dynamic, versatile ways, as each property demands it. You usually
+// define a compositional step to be returned by some ordinary static
+// property-descriptor-returning function (customarily namespaced under
+// the relevant Thing class's static `composite` field) - that lets you
+// reuse it in multiple compositions later on.
+//
+// Compositional steps are implemented with "continuation passing style",
+// meaning the connection to the next link on the chain is passed right to
+// each step's compute (or transform) function, and the implementation gets
+// to decide whether to continue on that chain or exit early by returning
+// some other value.
+//
+// Every step along the chain, apart from the base at the bottom, has to
+// have the {compose: true} step. That means its compute() or transform()
+// function will be passed an extra argument at the end, `continuation`.
+// To provide new dependencies to items further down the chain, just pass
+// them directly to this continuation() function, customarily with a hash
+// ('#') prefixing each name - for example:
+//
+//   compute({..some dependencies..}, continuation) {
+//     return continuation({
+//       '#excitingProperty': (..a value made from dependencies..),
+//     });
+//   }
+//
+// Performing an early exit is as simple as returning some other value,
+// instead of the continuation. You may also use `continuation.exit(value)`
+// to perform the exact same kind of early exit - it's just a different
+// syntax that might fit in better in certain longer compositions.
+//
+// It may be fine to simply provide new dependencies under a hard-coded
+// name, such as '#excitingProperty' above, but if you're writing a utility
+// that dynamically returns the compositional step and you suspect you
+// might want to use this step multiple times in a single composition,
+// it's customary to accept a name for the result.
+//
+// Here's a detailed example showing off early exit, dynamically operating
+// on a provided dependency name, and then providing a result in another
+// also-provided dependency name:
+//
+//   withResolvedContribs = ({
+//     from: contribsByRefDependency,
+//     into: outputDependency,
+//   }) => ({
+//     flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+//     expose: {
+//       dependencies: [contribsByRefDependency, 'artistData'],
+//       compute({
+//         [contribsByRefDependency]: contribsByRef,
+//         artistData,
+//       }, continuation) {
+//         if (!artistData) return null;  /* early exit! */
+//         return continuation({
+//           [outputDependency]:  /* this is the important part */
+//             (..resolve contributions one way or another..),
+//         });
+//       },
+//     },
+//   });
+//
+// And how you might work that into a composition:
+//
+//   Track.coverArtists =
+//     compositeFrom([
+//       doSomethingWhichMightEarlyExit(),
+//
+//       withResolvedContribs({
+//         from: 'coverArtistContribsByRef',
+//         into: '#coverArtistContribs',
+//       }),
+//
+//       {
+//         flags: {expose: true},
+//         expose: {
+//           dependencies: ['#coverArtistContribs'],
+//           compute: ({'#coverArtistContribs': coverArtistContribs}) =>
+//             coverArtistContribs.map(({who}) => who),
+//         },
+//       },
+//     ]);
+//
+// One last note! A super common code pattern when creating more complex
+// compositions is to have several steps which *only* expose and compose.
+// As a syntax shortcut, you can skip the outer section. It's basically
+// like writing out just the {expose: {...}} part. Remember that this
+// indicates that the step you're defining is compositional, so you have
+// to specify the flags manually for the base, even if this property isn't
+// going to get an {update: true} flag.
+//
+// == Cache-safe dependency names: ==
+//
+// [Disclosure: The caching engine hasn't actually been implemented yet.
+//  As such, this section is subject to change, and simply provides sound
+//  forward-facing advice and interfaces.]
+//
+// It's a good idea to write individual compositional steps in such a way
+// that they're "cache-safe" - meaning the same input (dependency) values
+// will always result in the same output (continuation or early exit).
+//
+// In order to facilitate this, compositional step descriptors may specify
+// unique `mapDependencies`, `mapContinuation`, and `options` values.
+//
+// Consider the `withResolvedContribs` example adjusted to make use of
+// two of these options below:
+//
+//   withResolvedContribs = ({
+//     from: contribsByRefDependency,
+//     into: outputDependency,
+//   }) => ({
+//     flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+//     expose: {
+//       dependencies: ['artistData'],
+//       mapDependencies: {contribsByRef: contribsByRefDependency},
+//       mapContinuation: {outputDependency},
+//       compute({
+//         contribsByRef, /* no longer in square brackets */
+//         artistData,
+//       }, continuation) {
+//         if (!artistData) return null;
+//         return continuation({
+//           outputDependency: /* no longer in square brackets */
+//             (..resolve contributions one way or another..),
+//         });
+//       },
+//     },
+//   });
+//
+// With a little destructuring and restructuring JavaScript sugar, the
+// above can be simplified some more:
+//
+//   withResolvedContribs = ({from, to}) => ({
+//     flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+//     expose: {
+//       dependencies: ['artistData'],
+//       mapDependencies: {from},
+//       mapContinuation: {into},
+//       compute({artistData, from: contribsByRef}, continuation) {
+//         if (!artistData) return null;
+//         return continuation({
+//           into: (..resolve contributions one way or another..),
+//         });
+//       },
+//     },
+//   });
+//
+// These two properties let you separate the name-mapping behavior (for
+// dependencies and the continuation) from the main body of the compute
+// function. That means the compute function will *always* get inputs in
+// the same form (dependencies 'artistData' and 'from' above), and will
+// *always* provide its output in the same form (early return or 'to').
+//
+// Thanks to that, this `compute` function is cache-safe! Its outputs can
+// be cached corresponding to each set of mapped inputs. So it won't matter
+// whether the `from` dependency is named `coverArtistContribsByRef` or
+// `contributorContribsByRef` or something else - the compute function
+// doesn't care, and only expects that value to be provided via its `from`
+// argument. Likewise, it doesn't matter if the output should be sent to
+// '#coverArtistContribs` or `#contributorContribs` or some other name;
+// the mapping is handled automatically outside, and compute will always
+// output its value to the continuation's `to`.
+//
+// Note that `mapDependencies` and `mapContinuation` should be objects of
+// the same "shape" each run - that is, the values will change depending on
+// outside context, but the keys are always the same. You shouldn't use
+// `mapDependencies` to dynamically select more or fewer dependencies.
+// If you need to dynamically select a range of dependencies, just specify
+// them in the `dependencies` array like usual. The caching engine will
+// understand that differently named `dependencies` indicate separate
+// input-output caches should be used.
+//
+// The 'options' property makes it possible to specify external arguments
+// that fundamentally change the behavior of the `compute` function, while
+// still remaining cache-safe. It indicates that the caching engine should
+// use a completely different input-to-output cache for each permutation
+// of the 'options' values. This way, those functions are still cacheable
+// at all; they'll just be cached separately for each set of option values.
+// Values on the 'options' property will always be provided in compute's
+// dependencies under '#options' (to avoid name conflicts with other
+// dependencies).
+//
+// == To compute or to transform: ==
+//
+// A compositional step can work directly on a property's stored update
+// value, transforming it in place and either early exiting with it or
+// passing it on (via continuation) to the next item(s) in the
+// compositional step list. (If needed, these can provide dependencies
+// the same way as compute functions too - just pass that object after
+// the updated (or same) transform value in your call to continuation().)
+//
+// But in order to make them more versatile, compositional steps have an
+// extra trick up their sleeve. If a compositional step implements compute
+// and *not* transform, it can still be used in a composition targeting a
+// property which updates! These retain their full dependency-providing and
+// early exit functionality - they just won't be provided the update value.
+// If a compute-implementing step returns its continuation, then whichever
+// later step (or the base) next implements transform() will receive the
+// update value that had so far been running - as well as any dependencies
+// the compute() step returned, of course!
+//
+// Please note that a compositional step which transforms *should not*
+// specify, in its flags, {update: true}. Just provide the transform()
+// function in its expose descriptor; it will be automatically detected
+// and used when appropriate.
+//
+// It's actually possible for a step to specify both transform and compute,
+// in which case the transform() implementation will only be selected if
+// the composition's base is {update: true}. It's not exactly known why you
+// would want to specify unique-but-related transform and compute behavior,
+// but the basic possibility was too cool to skip out on.
+//
+// == Nesting compositions: ==
+//
+// Compositional steps are so convenient that you just might want to bundle
+// them together, and form a whole new step-shaped unit of its own!
+//
+// In order to allow for this while helping to ensure internal dependencies
+// remain neatly isolated from the composition which nests your bundle,
+// the compositeFrom() function will accept and adapt to a base that
+// specifies the {compose: true} flag, just like the steps preceding it.
+//
+// The continuation function that gets provided to the base will be mildly
+// special - after all, nothing follows the base within the composition's
+// own list! Instead of appending dependencies alongside any previously
+// provided ones to be available to the next step, the base's continuation
+// function should be used to define "exports" of the composition as a
+// whole. It's similar to the usual behavior of the continuation, just
+// expanded to the scope of the composition instead of following steps.
+//
+// For example, suppose your composition (which you expect to include in
+// other compositions) brings about several private, hash-prefixed
+// dependencies to contribute to its own results. Those dependencies won't
+// end up "bleeding" into the dependency list of whichever composition is
+// nesting this one - they will totally disappear once all the steps in
+// the nested composition have finished up.
+//
+// To "export" the results of processing all those dependencies (provided
+// that's something you want to do and this composition isn't used purely
+// for a conditional early-exit), you'll want to define them in the
+// continuation passed to the base. (Customarily, those should start with
+// a hash just like the exports from any other compositional step; they're
+// still dynamically provided dependencies!)
+//
+// Another way to "export" dependencies is by using calling *any* step's
+// `continuation.raise()` function. This is sort of like early exiting,
+// but instead of quitting out the whole entire property, it will just
+// break out of the current, nested composition's list of steps, acting
+// as though the composition had finished naturally. The dependencies
+// passed to `raise` will be the ones which get exported.
+//
+// Since `raise` is another way to export dependencies, if you're using
+// dynamic export names, you should specify `mapContinuation` on the step
+// calling `continuation.raise` as well.
+//
+// An important note on `mapDependencies` here: A nested composition gets
+// free access to all the ordinary properties defined on the thing it's
+// working on, but if you want it to depend on *private* dependencies -
+// ones prefixed with '#' - which were provided by some other compositional
+// step preceding wherever this one gets nested, then you *have* to use
+// `mapDependencies` to gain access. Check out the section on "cache-safe
+// dependency names" for information on this syntax!
+//
+// Also - on rare occasion - you might want to make a reusable composition
+// that itself causes the composition *it's* nested in to raise. If that's
+// the case, give `composition.raiseAbove()` a go! This effectively means
+// kicking out of *two* layers of nested composition - the one including
+// the step with the `raiseAbove` call, and the composition which that one
+// is nested within. You don't need to use `raiseAbove` if the reusable
+// utility function just returns a single compositional step, but if you
+// want to make use of other compositional steps, it gives you access to
+// the same conditional-raise capabilities.
+//
+// Have some syntax sugar! Since nested compositions are defined by having
+// the base be {compose: true}, the composition will infer as much if you
+// don't specifying the base's flags at all. Simply use the same shorthand
+// syntax as for other compositional steps, and it'll work out cleanly!
+//
+
+const globalCompositeCache = {};
+
+export function input(nameOrDescription) {
+  if (typeof nameOrDescription === 'string') {
+    return Symbol.for(`hsmusic.composite.input:${nameOrDescription}`);
+  } else {
+    return {
+      symbol: Symbol.for('hsmusic.composite.input'),
+      shape: 'input',
+      value: nameOrDescription,
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+input.symbol = Symbol.for('hsmusic.composite.input');
+
+input.updateValue = () => Symbol.for('hsmusic.composite.input.updateValue');
+input.value = value => ({symbol: input.symbol, shape: 'input.value', value});
+input.dependency = name => Symbol.for(`hsmusic.composite.input.dependency:${name}`);
+input.staticDependency = name => Symbol.for(`hsmusic.composite.input.staticDependency:${name}`);
+input.staticValue = name => Symbol.for(`hsmusic.composite.input.staticValue:${name}`);
+
+function isInputToken(token) {
+  if (typeof token === 'object') {
+    return token.symbol === Symbol.for('hsmusic.composite.input');
+  } else if (typeof token === 'symbol') {
+    return token.description.startsWith('hsmusic.composite.input');
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+function getInputTokenShape(token) {
+  if (!isInputToken(token)) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Expected an input token, got ${token}`);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof token === 'object') {
+    return token.shape;
+  } else {
+    return token.description.match(/hsmusic\.composite\.(input.*?)(:|$)/)[1];
+  }
+}
+
+function getInputTokenValue(token) {
+  if (!isInputToken(token)) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Expected an input token, got ${token}`);
+  }
+
+  if (typeof token === 'object') {
+    return token.value;
+  } else {
+    return token.description.match(/hsmusic\.composite\.input.*?:(.*)/)?.[1] ?? null;
+  }
+}
+
+export function templateCompositeFrom(description) {
+  const compositeName =
+    (description.annotation
+      ? description.annotation
+      : `unnamed composite`);
+
+  const descriptionAggregate = openAggregate({message: `Errors in description for ${compositeName}`});
+
+  if ('steps' in description) {
+    if (Array.isArray(description.steps)) {
+      descriptionAggregate.push(new TypeError(`Wrap steps array in a function`));
+    } else if (typeof description.steps !== 'function') {
+      descriptionAggregate.push(new TypeError(`Expected steps to be a function (returning an array)`));
+    }
+  }
+
+  descriptionAggregate.nest({message: `Errors in input descriptions for ${compositeName}`}, ({push}) => {
+    const missingCallsToInput = [];
+    const wrongCallsToInput = [];
+
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(description.inputs ?? {})) {
+      if (!isInputToken(value)) {
+        missingCallsToInput.push(name);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (getInputTokenShape(value) !== 'input') {
+        wrongCallsToInput.push(name);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const name of missingCallsToInput) {
+      push(new Error(`${name}: Missing call to input()`));
+    }
+
+    for (const name of wrongCallsToInput) {
+      const shape = getInputTokenShape(description.inputs[name]);
+      push(new Error(`${name}: Expected call to input(), got ${shape}`));
+    }
+  });
+
+  descriptionAggregate.nest({message: `Errors in output descriptions for ${compositeName}`}, ({map, push}) => {
+    const wrongType = [];
+    const notPrivate = [];
+
+    const missingDependenciesDefault = [];
+    const wrongDependenciesType = [];
+    const wrongDefaultType = [];
+
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(description.outputs ?? {})) {
+      if (typeof value === 'object') {
+        if (!('dependencies' in value && 'default' in value)) {
+          missingDependenciesDefault.push(name);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!Array.isArray(value.dependencies)) {
+          wrongDependenciesType.push(name);
+        }
+
+        if (typeof value.default !== 'function') {
+          wrongDefaultType.push(name);
+        }
+
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+        wrongType.push(name);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (!value.startsWith('#')) {
+        notPrivate.push(name);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const name of wrongType) {
+      const type = typeof description.outputs[name];
+      push(new Error(`${name}: Expected string, got ${type}`));
+    }
+
+    for (const name of notPrivate) {
+      const into = description.outputs[name];
+      push(new Error(`${name}: Expected "#" at start, got ${into}`));
+    }
+
+    for (const name of missingDependenciesDefault) {
+      push(new Error(`${name}: Expected both dependencies & default`));
+    }
+
+    for (const name of wrongDependenciesType) {
+      const {dependencies} = description.outputs[name];
+      push(new Error(`${name}: Expected dependencies to be array, got ${dependencies}`));
+    }
+
+    for (const name of wrongDefaultType) {
+      const type = typeof description.outputs[name].default;
+      push(new Error(`${name}: Expected default to be function, got ${type}`));
+    }
+
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(description.outputs ?? {})) {
+      if (typeof value !== 'object') continue;
+
+      map(
+        description.outputs[name].dependencies,
+        decorateErrorWithIndex(dependency => {
+          if (!isInputToken(dependency)) {
+            throw new Error(`Expected call to input.staticValue or input.staticDependency, got ${dependency}`);
+          }
+
+          const shape = getInputTokenShape(dependency);
+          if (shape !== 'input.staticValue' && shape !== 'input.staticDependency') {
+            throw new Error(`Expected call to input.staticValue or input.staticDependency, got ${shape}`);
+          }
+        }),
+        {message: `${name}: Errors in dependencies`});
+    }
+  });
+
+  descriptionAggregate.close();
+
+  const expectedInputNames =
+    (description.inputs
+      ? Object.keys(description.inputs)
+      : []);
+
+  const expectedOutputNames =
+    (description.outputs
+      ? Object.keys(description.outputs)
+      : []);
+
+  const instantiate = (inputOptions = {}) => {
+    const inputOptionsAggregate = openAggregate({message: `Errors in input options passed to ${compositeName}`});
+
+    const providedInputNames = Object.keys(inputOptions);
+
+    const misplacedInputNames =
+      providedInputNames
+        .filter(name => !expectedInputNames.includes(name));
+
+    const missingInputNames =
+      expectedInputNames
+        .filter(name => !providedInputNames.includes(name))
+        .filter(name => {
+          const inputDescription = description.inputs[name].value;
+          if (!inputDescription) return true;
+          if ('defaultValue' in inputDescription) return false;
+          if ('defaultDependency' in inputDescription) return false;
+          if (inputDescription.null === true) return false;
+          return true;
+        });
+
+    const wrongTypeInputNames = [];
+    const wrongInputCallInputNames = [];
+
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(inputOptions)) {
+      if (misplacedInputNames.includes(name)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (typeof value !== 'string' && !isInputToken(value)) {
+        wrongTypeInputNames.push(name);
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!empty(misplacedInputNames)) {
+      inputOptionsAggregate.push(new Error(`Unexpected input names: ${misplacedInputNames.join(', ')}`));
+    }
+
+    if (!empty(missingInputNames)) {
+      inputOptionsAggregate.push(new Error(`Required these inputs: ${missingInputNames.join(', ')}`));
+    }
+
+    for (const name of wrongTypeInputNames) {
+      const type = typeof inputOptions[name];
+      inputOptionsAggregate.push(new Error(`${name}: Expected string or input() call, got ${type}`));
+    }
+
+    inputOptionsAggregate.close();
+
+    const outputOptions = {};
+
+    const instantiatedTemplate = {
+      symbol: templateCompositeFrom.symbol,
+
+      outputs(providedOptions) {
+        const outputOptionsAggregate = openAggregate({message: `Errors in output options passed to ${compositeName}`});
+
+        const misplacedOutputNames = [];
+        const wrongTypeOutputNames = [];
+        // const notPrivateOutputNames = [];
+
+        for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(providedOptions)) {
+          if (!expectedOutputNames.includes(name)) {
+            misplacedOutputNames.push(name);
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+            wrongTypeOutputNames.push(name);
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          /*
+          if (!value.startsWith('#')) {
+            notPrivateOutputNames.push(name);
+            continue;
+          }
+          */
+        }
+
+        if (!empty(misplacedOutputNames)) {
+          outputOptionsAggregate.push(new Error(`Unexpected output names: ${misplacedOutputNames}`));
+        }
+
+        for (const name of wrongTypeOutputNames) {
+          const type = typeof providedOptions[name];
+          outputOptionsAggregate.push(new Error(`${name}: Expected string, got ${type}`));
+        }
+
+        /*
+        for (const name of notPrivateOutputNames) {
+          const into = providedOptions[name];
+          outputOptionsAggregate.push(new Error(`${name}: Expected "#" at start, got ${into}`));
+        }
+        */
+
+        outputOptionsAggregate.close();
+
+        Object.assign(outputOptions, providedOptions);
+        return instantiatedTemplate;
+      },
+
+      toDescription() {
+        const finalDescription = {};
+
+        if ('annotation' in description) {
+          finalDescription.annotation = description.annotation;
+        }
+
+        if ('update' in description) {
+          finalDescription.update = description.update;
+        }
+
+        if ('inputs' in description) {
+          const finalInputs = {};
+
+          for (const [name, description_] of Object.entries(description.inputs)) {
+            const description = description_;
+            if (name in inputOptions) {
+              if (typeof inputOptions[name] === 'string') {
+                finalInputs[name] = input.dependency(inputOptions[name]);
+              } else {
+                finalInputs[name] = inputOptions[name];
+              }
+            } else if (description.defaultValue) {
+              finalInputs[name] = input.value(defaultValue);
+            } else if (description.defaultDependency) {
+              finalInputs[name] = input.dependency(defaultValue);
+            } else {
+              finalInputs[name] = input.value(null);
+            }
+          }
+
+          finalDescription.inputs = finalInputs;
+        }
+
+        if ('outputs' in description) {
+          const finalOutputs = {};
+
+          for (const [name, defaultDependency] of Object.entries(description.outputs)) {
+            if (name in outputOptions) {
+              finalOutputs[name] = outputOptions[name];
+            } else {
+              finalOutputs[name] = defaultDependency;
+            }
+          }
+
+          finalDescription.outputs = finalOutputs;
+        }
+
+        if ('steps' in description) {
+          finalDescription.steps = description.steps;
+        }
+
+        return finalDescription;
+      },
+
+      toResolvedComposition() {
+        const ownDescription = instantiatedTemplate.toDescription();
+
+        const finalDescription = {...ownDescription};
+
+        const aggregate = openAggregate({message: `Errors resolving ${compositeName}`});
+
+        const steps = ownDescription.steps();
+
+        const resolvedSteps =
+          aggregate.map(
+            steps,
+            decorateErrorWithIndex(step =>
+              (step.symbol === templateCompositeFrom.symbol
+                ? step.toResolvedComposition()
+                : step)),
+            {message: `Errors resolving steps`});
+
+        aggregate.close();
+
+        finalDescription.steps = resolvedSteps;
+
+        return finalDescription;
+      },
+    };
+
+    return instantiatedTemplate;
+  };
+
+  instantiate.inputs = instantiate;
+
+  return instantiate;
+}
+
+templateCompositeFrom.symbol = Symbol();
+
+export function compositeFrom(description) {
+  const {annotation, steps: composition} = description;
+
+  const debug = fn => {
+    if (compositeFrom.debug === true) {
+      const label =
+        (annotation
+          ? colors.dim(`[composite: ${annotation}]`)
+          : colors.dim(`[composite]`));
+      const result = fn();
+      if (Array.isArray(result)) {
+        console.log(label, ...result.map(value =>
+          (typeof value === 'object'
+            ? inspect(value, {depth: 0, colors: true, compact: true, breakLength: Infinity})
+            : value)));
+      } else {
+        console.log(label, result);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  const base = composition.at(-1);
+  const steps = composition.slice();
+
+  const aggregate = openAggregate({
+    message:
+      `Errors preparing composition` +
+      (annotation ? ` (${annotation})` : ''),
+  });
+
+  const baseExposes =
+    (base.flags
+      ? base.flags.expose
+      : true);
+
+  const baseUpdates =
+    (base.flags
+      ? base.flags.update
+      : false);
+
+  const baseComposes =
+    (base.flags
+      ? base.flags.compose
+      : true);
+
+  if (!baseExposes) {
+    aggregate.push(new TypeError(`All steps, including base, must expose`));
+  }
+
+  const exposeDependencies = new Set();
+
+  let anyStepsCompute = false;
+  let anyStepsTransform = false;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < steps.length; i++) {
+    const step = steps[i];
+    const isBase = i === steps.length - 1;
+    const message =
+      `Errors in step #${i + 1}` +
+      (isBase ? ` (base)` : ``) +
+      (step.annotation ? ` (${step.annotation})` : ``);
+
+    aggregate.nest({message}, ({push}) => {
+      if (step.flags) {
+        let flagsErrored = false;
+
+        if (!step.flags.compose && !isBase) {
+          push(new TypeError(`All steps but base must compose`));
+          flagsErrored = true;
+        }
+
+        if (!step.flags.expose) {
+          push(new TypeError(`All steps must expose`));
+          flagsErrored = true;
+        }
+
+        if (flagsErrored) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const expose =
+        (step.flags
+          ? step.expose
+          : step);
+
+      const stepComputes = !!expose?.compute;
+      const stepTransforms = !!expose?.transform;
+
+      if (
+        stepTransforms && !stepComputes &&
+        !baseUpdates && !baseComposes
+      ) {
+        push(new TypeError(`Steps which only transform can't be composed with a non-updating base`));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (stepComputes) {
+        anyStepsCompute = true;
+      }
+
+      if (stepTransforms) {
+        anyStepsTransform = true;
+      }
+
+      // Unmapped dependencies are exposed on the final composition only if
+      // they're "public", i.e. pointing to update values of other properties
+      // on the CacheableObject.
+      for (const dependency of expose?.dependencies ?? []) {
+        if (typeof dependency === 'string' && dependency.startsWith('#')) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        exposeDependencies.add(dependency);
+      }
+
+      // Mapped dependencies are always exposed on the final composition.
+      // These are explicitly for reading values which are named outside of
+      // the current compositional step.
+      for (const dependency of Object.values(expose?.mapDependencies ?? {})) {
+        exposeDependencies.add(dependency);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (!baseComposes && !baseUpdates && !anyStepsCompute) {
+    aggregate.push(new TypeError(`Expected at least one step to compute`));
+  }
+
+  aggregate.close();
+
+  function _filterDependencies(availableDependencies, {
+    dependencies,
+    mapDependencies,
+    options,
+  }) {
+    if (!dependencies && !mapDependencies && !options) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const filteredDependencies =
+      (dependencies
+        ? filterProperties(availableDependencies, dependencies)
+        : {});
+
+    if (mapDependencies) {
+      for (const [into, from] of Object.entries(mapDependencies)) {
+        filteredDependencies[into] = availableDependencies[from] ?? null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (options) {
+      filteredDependencies['#options'] = options;
+    }
+
+    return filteredDependencies;
+  }
+
+  function _assignDependencies(continuationAssignment, {mapContinuation}) {
+    if (!mapContinuation) {
+      return continuationAssignment;
+    }
+
+    const assignDependencies = {};
+
+    for (const [from, into] of Object.entries(mapContinuation)) {
+      assignDependencies[into] = continuationAssignment[from] ?? null;
+    }
+
+    return assignDependencies;
+  }
+
+  function _prepareContinuation(callingTransformForThisStep) {
+    const continuationStorage = {
+      returnedWith: null,
+      providedDependencies: undefined,
+      providedValue: undefined,
+    };
+
+    const continuation =
+      (callingTransformForThisStep
+        ? (providedValue, providedDependencies = null) => {
+            continuationStorage.returnedWith = 'continuation';
+            continuationStorage.providedDependencies = providedDependencies;
+            continuationStorage.providedValue = providedValue;
+            return continuationSymbol;
+          }
+        : (providedDependencies = null) => {
+            continuationStorage.returnedWith = 'continuation';
+            continuationStorage.providedDependencies = providedDependencies;
+            return continuationSymbol;
+          });
+
+    continuation.exit = (providedValue) => {
+      continuationStorage.returnedWith = 'exit';
+      continuationStorage.providedValue = providedValue;
+      return continuationSymbol;
+    };
+
+    if (baseComposes) {
+      const makeRaiseLike = returnWith =>
+        (callingTransformForThisStep
+          ? (providedValue, providedDependencies = null) => {
+              continuationStorage.returnedWith = returnWith;
+              continuationStorage.providedDependencies = providedDependencies;
+              continuationStorage.providedValue = providedValue;
+              return continuationSymbol;
+            }
+          : (providedDependencies = null) => {
+              continuationStorage.returnedWith = returnWith;
+              continuationStorage.providedDependencies = providedDependencies;
+              return continuationSymbol;
+            });
+
+      continuation.raise = makeRaiseLike('raise');
+      continuation.raiseAbove = makeRaiseLike('raiseAbove');
+    }
+
+    return {continuation, continuationStorage};
+  }
+
+  const continuationSymbol = Symbol.for('compositeFrom: continuation symbol');
+  const noTransformSymbol = Symbol.for('compositeFrom: no-transform symbol');
+
+  function _computeOrTransform(initialValue, initialDependencies, continuationIfApplicable) {
+    const expectingTransform = initialValue !== noTransformSymbol;
+
+    let valueSoFar =
+      (expectingTransform
+        ? initialValue
+        : undefined);
+
+    const availableDependencies = {...initialDependencies};
+
+    if (expectingTransform) {
+      debug(() => [colors.bright(`begin composition - transforming from:`), initialValue]);
+    } else {
+      debug(() => colors.bright(`begin composition - not transforming`));
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < steps.length; i++) {
+      const step = steps[i];
+      const isBase = i === steps.length - 1;
+
+      debug(() => [
+        `step #${i+1}` +
+        (isBase
+          ? ` (base):`
+          : ` of ${steps.length}:`),
+        step]);
+
+      const expose =
+        (step.flags
+          ? step.expose
+          : step);
+
+      if (!expose) {
+        if (!isBase) {
+          debug(() => `step #${i+1} - no expose description, nothing to do for this step`);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (expectingTransform) {
+          debug(() => `step #${i+1} (base) - no expose description, returning so-far update value:`, valueSoFar);
+          if (continuationIfApplicable) {
+            debug(() => colors.bright(`end composition - raise (inferred - composing)`));
+            return continuationIfApplicable(valueSoFar);
+          } else {
+            debug(() => colors.bright(`end composition - exit (inferred - not composing)`));
+            return valueSoFar;
+          }
+        } else {
+          debug(() => `step #${i+1} (base) - no expose description, nothing to continue with`);
+          if (continuationIfApplicable) {
+            debug(() => colors.bright(`end composition - raise (inferred - composing)`));
+            return continuationIfApplicable();
+          } else {
+            debug(() => colors.bright(`end composition - exit (inferred - not composing)`));
+            return null;
+          }
+        }
+
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const callingTransformForThisStep =
+        expectingTransform && expose.transform;
+
+      let continuationStorage;
+
+      const filteredDependencies = _filterDependencies(availableDependencies, expose);
+
+      debug(() => [
+        `step #${i+1} - ${callingTransformForThisStep ? 'transform' : 'compute'}`,
+        `with dependencies:`, filteredDependencies]);
+
+      let result;
+
+      const getExpectedEvaluation = () =>
+        (callingTransformForThisStep
+          ? (filteredDependencies
+              ? ['transform', valueSoFar, filteredDependencies]
+              : ['transform', valueSoFar])
+          : (filteredDependencies
+              ? ['compute', filteredDependencies]
+              : ['compute']));
+
+      const naturalEvaluate = () => {
+        const [name, ...args] = getExpectedEvaluation();
+        let continuation;
+        ({continuation, continuationStorage} = _prepareContinuation(callingTransformForThisStep));
+        return expose[name](...args, continuation);
+      }
+
+      switch (step.cache) {
+        // Warning! Highly WIP!
+        case 'aggressive': {
+          const hrnow = () => {
+            const hrTime = process.hrtime();
+            return hrTime[0] * 1000000000 + hrTime[1];
+          };
+
+          const [name, ...args] = getExpectedEvaluation();
+
+          let cache = globalCompositeCache[step.annotation];
+          if (!cache) {
+            cache = globalCompositeCache[step.annotation] = {
+              transform: new TupleMap(),
+              compute: new TupleMap(),
+              times: {
+                read: [],
+                evaluate: [],
+              },
+            };
+          }
+
+          const tuplefied = args
+            .flatMap(arg => [
+              Symbol.for('compositeFrom: tuplefied arg divider'),
+              ...(typeof arg !== 'object' || Array.isArray(arg)
+                ? [arg]
+                : Object.entries(arg).flat()),
+            ]);
+
+          const readTime = hrnow();
+          const cacheContents = cache[name].get(tuplefied);
+          cache.times.read.push(hrnow() - readTime);
+
+          if (cacheContents) {
+            ({result, continuationStorage} = cacheContents);
+          } else {
+            const evaluateTime = hrnow();
+            result = naturalEvaluate();
+            cache.times.evaluate.push(hrnow() - evaluateTime);
+            cache[name].set(tuplefied, {result, continuationStorage});
+          }
+
+          break;
+        }
+
+        default: {
+          result = naturalEvaluate();
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (result !== continuationSymbol) {
+        debug(() => [`step #${i+1} - result: exit (inferred) ->`, result]);
+
+        if (baseComposes) {
+          throw new TypeError(`Inferred early-exit is disallowed in nested compositions`);
+        }
+
+        debug(() => colors.bright(`end composition - exit (inferred)`));
+
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      const {returnedWith} = continuationStorage;
+
+      if (returnedWith === 'exit') {
+        const {providedValue} = continuationStorage;
+
+        debug(() => [`step #${i+1} - result: exit (explicit) ->`, providedValue]);
+        debug(() => colors.bright(`end composition - exit (explicit)`));
+
+        if (baseComposes) {
+          return continuationIfApplicable.exit(providedValue);
+        } else {
+          return providedValue;
+        }
+      }
+
+      const {providedValue, providedDependencies} = continuationStorage;
+
+      const continuingWithValue =
+        (expectingTransform
+          ? (callingTransformForThisStep
+              ? providedValue ?? null
+              : valueSoFar ?? null)
+          : undefined);
+
+      const continuingWithDependencies =
+        (providedDependencies
+          ? _assignDependencies(providedDependencies, expose)
+          : null);
+
+      const continuationArgs = [];
+      if (continuingWithValue !== undefined) continuationArgs.push(continuingWithValue);
+      if (continuingWithDependencies !== null) continuationArgs.push(continuingWithDependencies);
+
+      debug(() => {
+        const base = `step #${i+1} - result: ` + returnedWith;
+        const parts = [];
+
+        if (callingTransformForThisStep) {
+          if (continuingWithValue === undefined) {
+            parts.push(`(no value)`);
+          } else {
+            parts.push(`value:`, providedValue);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (continuingWithDependencies !== null) {
+          parts.push(`deps:`, continuingWithDependencies);
+        } else {
+          parts.push(`(no deps)`);
+        }
+
+        if (empty(parts)) {
+          return base;
+        } else {
+          return [base + ' ->', ...parts];
+        }
+      });
+
+      switch (returnedWith) {
+        case 'raise':
+          debug(() =>
+            (isBase
+              ? colors.bright(`end composition - raise (base: explicit)`)
+              : colors.bright(`end composition - raise`)));
+          return continuationIfApplicable(...continuationArgs);
+
+        case 'raiseAbove':
+          debug(() => colors.bright(`end composition - raiseAbove`));
+          return continuationIfApplicable.raise(...continuationArgs);
+
+        case 'continuation':
+          if (isBase) {
+            debug(() => colors.bright(`end composition - raise (inferred)`));
+            return continuationIfApplicable(...continuationArgs);
+          } else {
+            Object.assign(availableDependencies, continuingWithDependencies);
+            break;
+          }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const constructedDescriptor = {};
+
+  if (annotation) {
+    constructedDescriptor.annotation = annotation;
+  }
+
+  constructedDescriptor.flags = {
+    update: baseUpdates,
+    expose: baseExposes,
+    compose: baseComposes,
+  };
+
+  if (baseUpdates) {
+    constructedDescriptor.update = base.update;
+  }
+
+  if (baseExposes) {
+    const expose = constructedDescriptor.expose = {};
+    expose.dependencies = Array.from(exposeDependencies);
+
+    const transformFn =
+      (value, initialDependencies, continuationIfApplicable) =>
+        _computeOrTransform(value, initialDependencies, continuationIfApplicable);
+
+    const computeFn =
+      (initialDependencies, continuationIfApplicable) =>
+        _computeOrTransform(noTransformSymbol, initialDependencies, continuationIfApplicable);
+
+    if (baseComposes) {
+      if (anyStepsTransform) expose.transform = transformFn;
+      if (anyStepsCompute) expose.compute = computeFn;
+      if (base.cacheComposition) expose.cache = base.cacheComposition;
+    } else if (baseUpdates) {
+      expose.transform = transformFn;
+    } else {
+      expose.compute = computeFn;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return constructedDescriptor;
+}
+
+export function displayCompositeCacheAnalysis() {
+  const showTimes = (cache, key) => {
+    const times = cache.times[key].slice().sort();
+
+    const all = times;
+    const worst10pc = times.slice(-times.length / 10);
+    const best10pc = times.slice(0, times.length / 10);
+    const middle50pc = times.slice(times.length / 4, -times.length / 4);
+    const middle80pc = times.slice(times.length / 10, -times.length / 10);
+
+    const fmt = val => `${(val / 1000).toFixed(2)}ms`.padStart(9);
+    const avg = times => times.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / times.length;
+
+    const left = ` - ${key}: `;
+    const indn = ' '.repeat(left.length);
+    console.log(left + `${fmt(avg(all))} (all ${all.length})`);
+    console.log(indn + `${fmt(avg(worst10pc))} (worst 10%)`);
+    console.log(indn + `${fmt(avg(best10pc))} (best 10%)`);
+    console.log(indn + `${fmt(avg(middle80pc))} (middle 80%)`);
+    console.log(indn + `${fmt(avg(middle50pc))} (middle 50%)`);
+  };
+
+  for (const [annotation, cache] of Object.entries(globalCompositeCache)) {
+    console.log(`Cached ${annotation}:`);
+    showTimes(cache, 'evaluate');
+    showTimes(cache, 'read');
+  }
+}
+
+// Evaluates a function with composite debugging enabled, turns debugging
+// off again, and returns the result of the function. This is mostly syntax
+// sugar, but also helps avoid unit tests avoid accidentally printing debug
+// info for a bunch of unrelated composites (due to property enumeration
+// when displaying an unexpected result). Use as so:
+//
+//   Without debugging:
+//     t.same(thing.someProp, value)
+//
+//   With debugging:
+//     t.same(debugComposite(() => thing.someProp), value)
+//
+export function debugComposite(fn) {
+  compositeFrom.debug = true;
+  const value = fn();
+  compositeFrom.debug = false;
+  return value;
+}
+
+// Exposes a dependency exactly as it is; this is typically the base of a
+// composition which was created to serve as one property's descriptor.
+// Since this serves as a base, specify a value for {update} to indicate
+// that the property as a whole updates (and some previous compositional
+// step works with that update value). Set {update: true} to only enable
+// the update flag, or set update to an object to specify a descriptor
+// (e.g. for custom value validation).
+//
+// Please note that this *doesn't* verify that the dependency exists, so
+// if you provide the wrong name or it hasn't been set by a previous
+// compositional step, the property will be exposed as undefined instead
+// of null.
+//
+export function exposeDependency({
+  dependency,
+  update = false,
+}) {
+  return {
+    annotation: `exposeDependency`,
+    flags: {expose: true, update: !!update},
+
+    expose: {
+      mapDependencies: {dependency},
+      compute: ({dependency}) => dependency,
+    },
+
+    update:
+      (typeof update === 'object'
+        ? update
+        : null),
+  };
+}
+
+// Exposes a constant value exactly as it is; like exposeDependency, this
+// is typically the base of a composition serving as a particular property
+// descriptor. It generally follows steps which will conditionally early
+// exit with some other value, with the exposeConstant base serving as the
+// fallback default value. Like exposeDependency, set {update} to true or
+// an object to indicate that the property as a whole updates.
+export function exposeConstant({
+  value,
+  update = false,
+}) {
+  return {
+    annotation: `exposeConstant`,
+    flags: {expose: true, update: !!update},
+
+    expose: {
+      options: {value},
+      compute: ({'#options': {value}}) => value,
+    },
+
+    update:
+      (typeof update === 'object'
+        ? update
+        : null),
+  };
+}
+
+// Checks the availability of a dependency and provides the result to later
+// steps under '#availability' (by default). This is mainly intended for use
+// by the more specific utilities, which you should consider using instead.
+// Customize {mode} to select one of these modes, or default to 'null':
+//
+// * 'null':  Check that the value isn't null (and not undefined either).
+// * 'empty': Check that the value is neither null nor an empty array.
+//            This will outright error for undefined.
+// * 'falsy': Check that the value isn't false when treated as a boolean
+//            (nor an empty array). Keep in mind this will also be false
+//            for values like zero and the empty string!
+//
+
+const availabilityCheckModeInput = {
+  validate: oneOf('null', 'empty', 'falsy'),
+  defaultValue: 'null',
+};
+
+export const withResultOfAvailabilityCheck = templateCompositeFrom({
+  annotation: `withResultOfAvailabilityCheck`,
+
+  inputs: {
+    from: input(),
+    mode: input(availabilityCheckModeInput),
+  },
+
+  outputs: {
+    into: '#availability',
+  },
+
+  steps: () => [
+    {
+      dependencies: [input('from'), input('mode')],
+
+      compute: (continuation, {
+        [input('from')]: dependency,
+        [input('mode')]: mode,
+      }) => {
+        let availability;
+
+        switch (mode) {
+          case 'null':
+            availability = value !== null && value !== undefined;
+            break;
+
+          case 'empty':
+            availability = !empty(value);
+            break;
+
+          case 'falsy':
+            availability = !!value && (!Array.isArray(value) || !empty(value));
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return continuation({into: availability});
+      },
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+// Exposes a dependency as it is, or continues if it's unavailable.
+// See withResultOfAvailabilityCheck for {mode} options!
+export const exposeDependencyOrContinue = templateCompositeFrom({
+  annotation: `exposeDependencyOrContinue`,
+
+  inputs: {
+    dependency: input(),
+    mode: input(availabilityCheckModeInput),
+  },
+
+  steps: () => [
+    withResultOfAvailabilityCheck({
+      from: input('dependency'),
+      mode: input('mode'),
+    }),
+
+    {
+      dependencies: ['#availability', input('dependency')],
+      compute: (continuation, {
+        ['#availability']: availability,
+        [input('dependency')]: dependency,
+      }) =>
+        (availability
+          ? continuation.exit(dependency)
+          : continuation()),
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+// Exposes the update value of an {update: true} property as it is,
+// or continues if it's unavailable. See withResultOfAvailabilityCheck
+// for {mode} options!
+export const exposeUpdateValueOrContinue = templateCompositeFrom({
+  annotation: `exposeUpdateValueOrContinue`,
+
+  inputs: {
+    mode: input(availabilityCheckModeInput),
+  },
+
+  steps: () => [
+    exposeDependencyOrContinue({
+      dependency: input.updateValue(),
+      mode: input('mode'),
+    }),
+  ],
+});
+
+// Early exits if a dependency isn't available.
+// See withResultOfAvailabilityCheck for {mode} options!
+export const exitWithoutDependency = templateCompositeFrom({
+  annotation: `exitWithoutDependency`,
+
+  inputs: {
+    dependency: input(),
+    mode: input(availabilityCheckModeInput),
+    value: input({null: true}),
+  },
+
+  steps: () => [
+    withResultOfAvailabilityCheck({
+      from: input('dependency'),
+      mode: input('mode'),
+    }),
+
+    {
+      dependencies: ['#availability', input('value')],
+      continuation: (continuation, {
+        ['#availability']: availability,
+        [input('value')]: value,
+      }) =>
+        (availability
+          ? continuation()
+          : continuation.exit(value)),
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+// Early exits if this property's update value isn't available.
+// See withResultOfAvailabilityCheck for {mode} options!
+export const exitWithoutUpdateValue = templateCompositeFrom({
+  annotation: `exitWithoutUpdateValue`,
+
+  inputs: {
+    mode: input(availabilityCheckModeInput),
+    value: input({defaultValue: null}),
+  },
+
+  steps: () => [
+    exitWithoutDependency({
+      dependency: input.updateValue(),
+      mode: input('mode'),
+    }),
+  ],
+});
+
+// Raises if a dependency isn't available.
+// See withResultOfAvailabilityCheck for {mode} options!
+export const raiseOutputWithoutDependency = templateCompositeFrom({
+  annotation: `raiseOutputWithoutDependency`,
+
+  inputs: {
+    dependency: input(),
+    mode: input(availabilityCheckModeInput),
+    output: input({defaultValue: {}}),
+  },
+
+  steps: () => [
+    withResultOfAvailabilityCheck({
+      from: input('dependency'),
+      mode: input('mode'),
+    }),
+
+    {
+      dependencies: ['#availability', input('output')],
+      compute: (continuation, {
+        ['#availability']: availability,
+        [input('output')]: output,
+      }) =>
+        (availability
+          ? continuation()
+          : continuation.raiseOutputAbove(output)),
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+// Raises if this property's update value isn't available.
+// See withResultOfAvailabilityCheck for {mode} options!
+export const raiseOutputWithoutUpdateValue = templateCompositeFrom({
+  annotation: `raiseOutputWithoutUpdateValue`,
+
+  inputs: {
+    mode: input(availabilityCheckModeInput),
+    output: input({defaultValue: {}}),
+  },
+
+  steps: () => [
+    withResultOfAvailabilityCheck({
+      from: input.updateValue(),
+      mode: input('mode'),
+    }),
+
+    {
+      dependencies: ['#availability', input('output')],
+      compute: (continuation, {
+        ['#availability']: availability,
+        [input('output')]: output,
+      }) =>
+        (availability
+          ? continuation()
+          : continuation.raiseOutputAbove(output)),
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+// Gets a property of some object (in a dependency) and provides that value.
+// If the object itself is null, or the object doesn't have the listed property,
+// the provided dependency will also be null.
+export const withPropertyFromObject = templateCompositeFrom({
+  annotation: `withPropertyFromObject`,
+
+  inputs: {
+    object: input({type: 'object', null: true}),
+    property: input({type: 'string'}),
+  },
+
+  outputs: {
+    dependencies: [
+      input.staticDependency('object'),
+      input.staticValue('property'),
+    ],
+
+    compute: ({
+      [input.staticDependency('object')]: object,
+      [input.staticValue('property')]: property,
+    }) => {
+      return (
+        (object && property
+          ? (object.startsWith('#')
+              ? `${object}.${property}`
+              : `#${object}.${property}`)
+          : '#value'));
+    },
+  },
+
+  steps: () => [
+    {
+      dependencies: [input('object'), input('property')],
+      compute: (continuation, {
+        [input('object')]: object,
+        [input('property')]: property,
+      }) =>
+        (object === null
+          ? continuation({into: null})
+          : continuation({into: object[property] ?? null})),
+    },
+  ],
+});
+
+// Gets the listed properties from some object, providing each property's value
+// as a dependency prefixed with the same name as the object (by default).
+// If the object itself is null, all provided dependencies will be null;
+// if it's missing only select properties, those will be provided as null.
+export function withPropertiesFromObject({
+  object,
+  properties,
+  prefix =
+    (object.startsWith('#')
+      ? object
+      : `#${object}`),
+}) {
+  return {
+    annotation: `withPropertiesFromObject`,
+    flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+
+    expose: {
+      mapDependencies: {object},
+      options: {prefix, properties},
+
+      compute: ({object, '#options': {prefix, properties}}, continuation) =>
+        continuation(
+          Object.fromEntries(
+            properties.map(property => [
+              `${prefix}.${property}`,
+              (object === null || object === undefined
+                ? null
+                : object[property] ?? null),
+            ]))),
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// Gets a property from each of a list of objects (in a dependency) and
+// provides the results. This doesn't alter any list indices, so positions
+// which were null in the original list are kept null here. Objects which don't
+// have the specified property are retained in-place as null.
+export function withPropertyFromList({
+  list,
+  property,
+  into = null,
+}) {
+  into ??=
+    (list.startsWith('#')
+      ? `${list}.${property}`
+      : `#${list}.${property}`);
+
+  return {
+    annotation: `withPropertyFromList`,
+    flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+
+    expose: {
+      mapDependencies: {list},
+      mapContinuation: {into},
+      options: {property},
+
+      compute({list, '#options': {property}}, continuation) {
+        if (list === undefined || empty(list)) {
+          return continuation({into: []});
+        }
+
+        return continuation({
+          into:
+            list.map(item =>
+              (item === null || item === undefined
+                ? null
+                : item[property] ?? null)),
+        });
+      },
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// Gets the listed properties from each of a list of objects, providing lists
+// of property values each into a dependency prefixed with the same name as the
+// list (by default). Like withPropertyFromList, this doesn't alter indices.
+export function withPropertiesFromList({
+  list,
+  properties,
+  prefix =
+    (list.startsWith('#')
+      ? list
+      : `#${list}`),
+}) {
+  return {
+    annotation: `withPropertiesFromList`,
+    flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+
+    expose: {
+      mapDependencies: {list},
+      options: {prefix, properties},
+
+      compute({list, '#options': {prefix, properties}}, continuation) {
+        const lists =
+          Object.fromEntries(
+            properties.map(property => [`${prefix}.${property}`, []]));
+
+        for (const item of list) {
+          for (const property of properties) {
+            lists[`${prefix}.${property}`].push(
+              (item === null || item === undefined
+                ? null
+                : item[property] ?? null));
+          }
+        }
+
+        return continuation(lists);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Replaces items of a list, which are null or undefined, with some fallback
+// value, either a constant (set {value}) or from a dependency ({dependency}).
+// By default, this replaces the passed dependency.
+export function fillMissingListItems({
+  list,
+  value,
+  dependency,
+  into = list,
+}) {
+  if (value !== undefined && dependency !== undefined) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Don't provide both value and dependency`);
+  }
+
+  if (value === undefined && dependency === undefined) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Missing value or dependency`);
+  }
+
+  if (dependency) {
+    return {
+      annotation: `fillMissingListItems.fromDependency`,
+      flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+
+      expose: {
+        mapDependencies: {list, dependency},
+        mapContinuation: {into},
+
+        compute: ({list, dependency}, continuation) =>
+          continuation({
+            into: list.map(item => item ?? dependency),
+          }),
+      },
+    };
+  } else {
+    return {
+      annotation: `fillMissingListItems.fromValue`,
+      flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+
+      expose: {
+        mapDependencies: {list},
+        mapContinuation: {into},
+        options: {value},
+
+        compute: ({list, '#options': {value}}, continuation) =>
+          continuation({
+            into: list.map(item => item ?? value),
+          }),
+      },
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+// Flattens an array with one level of nested arrays, providing as dependencies
+// both the flattened array as well as the original starting indices of each
+// successive source array.
+export function withFlattenedArray({
+  from,
+  into = '#flattenedArray',
+  intoIndices = '#flattenedIndices',
+}) {
+  return {
+    annotation: `withFlattenedArray`,
+    flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+
+    expose: {
+      mapDependencies: {from},
+      mapContinuation: {into, intoIndices},
+
+      compute({from: sourceArray}, continuation) {
+        const into = sourceArray.flat();
+        const intoIndices = [];
+
+        let lastEndIndex = 0;
+        for (const {length} of sourceArray) {
+          intoIndices.push(lastEndIndex);
+          lastEndIndex += length;
+        }
+
+        return continuation({into, intoIndices});
+      },
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// After mapping the contents of a flattened array in-place (being careful to
+// retain the original indices by replacing unmatched results with null instead
+// of filtering them out), this function allows for recombining them. It will
+// filter out null and undefined items by default (pass {filter: false} to
+// disable this).
+export function withUnflattenedArray({
+  from,
+  fromIndices = '#flattenedIndices',
+  into = '#unflattenedArray',
+  filter = true,
+}) {
+  return {
+    annotation: `withUnflattenedArray`,
+    flags: {expose: true, compose: true},
+
+    expose: {
+      mapDependencies: {from, fromIndices},
+      mapContinuation: {into},
+      compute({from, fromIndices}, continuation) {
+        const arrays = [];
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < fromIndices.length; i++) {
+          const startIndex = fromIndices[i];
+          const endIndex =
+            (i === fromIndices.length - 1
+              ? from.length
+              : fromIndices[i + 1]);
+
+          const values = from.slice(startIndex, endIndex);
+          arrays.push(
+            (filter
+              ? values.filter(value => value !== null && value !== undefined)
+              : values));
+        }
+
+        return continuation({into: arrays});
+      },
+    },
+  };
+}